DEFINITION 1. A condition that was formerly known by the popular name of ‘blood poisoning’is now called ‘septic shock’. This simply means bacterial infection widely disseminated to many areas of the body. With the infection being borne through the blood from one tissue to another and causing extensive damage.1 2. Septic shock is a common [...]

Introduction. In mammals the respiratory organ is the lung which is situated on either side of the thoracic cavity flanking the heart4. In air breathing vertebrates the lung is either of the two primary respiratory organs into which the atmospheric air is entered when the pressure inside the thoracic cavity becomes negative. Once the exchange [...]

Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a pathological activation of the coagulation mechanisms (1).the subcommittee on DIC of the international society on Thrombosis and haemostasis had suggested the following definition for DIC: An acquired syndrome characterized by the intravascular activation of coagulation with loss of localization arising from different causes .it can originate from and cause damage [...]

DEFINITION: Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) is characterized by one or more of the following clinical features.1 • Body temperature less than 36°C or greater than 38°C • Heart rate greater than 90 beats per minute • Tachypnea (high respiratory rate), with greater than 20 breaths per minute; or, an arterial partial pressure of carbon [...]

Introduction The term hydrocephalus is derived from the Greek words “hydro” meaning water and “cephalus” meaning head. It is a condition in which the primary characteristic is excessive accumulation of fluid in the brain (figure1). Hydrocephalus was once known as “water on the brain,” the “water” is actually cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CSF is a clear [...]

Hydrocephalus is a disorder that occurs in the head due to various causes. The term hydrocephalus is actually derived from a Greek word which means accumulation of fluid within the head. One could add to the definition, ‘with a secondary increase in the CSF spaces’1, so that in practical clinical terms, one can observe an [...]

Introduction The term hydrocephalus is of Greek origin which means “the abnormal accumulation of fluid within the head“.1 Hydrocephalus results from the expansion of ventricles secondary to a block in the normal pathway of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).2 The normal intracranial pressure in humans represents a balance between the intracranial contents that is blood brain n [...]

Hydrocephalus is a term of Greek origin2 which describes an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) in the ventricles of the brain leading to an increase in the intracranial pressure. Classification Hydrocephalus is classified under 2 main subdivision : Communicating hydrocephalus and Non-communicating Hydrocephalus. External or Communicating hydrocephalus occurs when communication exists between [...]

What is Hydrocephalus? Hydrocephalus is a condition in which the primary characteristic is excessive accumulation of fluid in the brain. Although hydrocephalus was once known as “water on the brain,” the “water” is actually cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — a clear fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The excessive accumulation of CSF results in an [...]

What Is Lymphoma? Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system carries lymph fluid and white blood cells throughout body. The purpose of the lymphatic system is to fight infections.1,2 Like all cancers, lymphoma happens when the body’s cells grow out of control, often causing tumors to grow. Most lymphomas are made [...]